Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Heroic Distinctions Of Odysseus Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Brave Distinctions Of Odysseus Essay, Research Paper The legends of the Greeks were a multifaceted segment of society. After the Gods and demi-divine forces of Greece, the saints were profoundly adored by the individuals. One saint in impossible to miss has separated himself from the rest of his interest and ventures. That saint is Odysseus. Odysseus shows the fundamental characteristics to be regarded as a legend, however adjacent to has isolating attributes that set him apart from the rest of. So as to portray the attributes that differentiate Odysseus from the standard Greek legend, it is first important to indicate what a saint was in those yearss thus to represent the similitudes Odysseus imparted to them. Upon such disclosure, the genuine character and separation of Odysseus will be better known. Orchestrating to folklore and tale, a saint is characterized as a grown-up male or a grown-up female, every now and again of genuine genealogy, who is talented with extraordinary fortitude and quality, celebrated for their intense accomplishments, and supported by the Gods. On that equivalent note, Fee expresses that? The saint? s height and Godhead goal is stomach muscle initio set up by his great build, birth, and enlistment. Frequently the legend is brought about by or looked out for by a God or other superhuman creature, and the age of the saint about ever has powerful characteristics that mark it as extraordinary. ? ( Fee, p. 119 ) Some legends that have been helped or supported by the Gods are Agamemnon, Achilles, Heracles, Theseus, Jason, and of class, Odysseus. Agamemnon was an extraordinary male ruler who drove the Greeks in the Trojan War. In this interest, he had the help of pretty much the entirety of the Olympic Gods and their devotion to help. He other than revitalized different saints, for example, Achilles and Odysseus, to fight with him. Here was the most significant of the Gods to help the war endeavors, each piece great Dionysos. Next was Achilles, who was other than helped by Hera, and by Athena, who emphatically proposed that Achilles non murder Agamemnon in fierceness. Most altogether, Achilles had the extraordinary help of his female parent, Thetis. She would as often as possible ask the guide of different Gods, viz. Zeus, in the interest of her sweetheart kid. She even attempted to do Achilles unfading by dunking him into the stream Styx, however could non spread his heel. This incited her to look for the guide of Hephaestos, who made perfect, defensive protection for her cherished kid. Heracles is a saint whose central help originated from Zeus, his male parent, and Athena, who spared him from a tempest in clasp to suspend peril. Zeus rather habitually verified that his kid was acceptable secured. The legend Jason other than had a group of help from numerous Gods. Hera, Artemis, Apollo, Demeter and most altogether, Athena helped him. Athena was the drive power behind building his boats for his journey. This in the long run carries us to Theseus, who was other than in the kindness of Athena. He relinquished the Bull of Crete ( or Marathon ) to her in congrats, for she was the goddess related with Athens where he was looking to recoup his seat. Like these saints, Odysseus too much, was supportive of the vast majority of the Gods. Actually, the entirety of the Olympic Gods meant to help him, aside from Poseidon. At the point when Odysseus was battling in Troy with the different legends, the Gods, especially Hera, were their ally, as aforesaid referenced. Afterward, on his ventures to procuring spot to Ithaca, Hermes helped him outsmart Circe, the magician. He gave Odysseus the moly works, which only Gods can deracinate, so as to be safe to Circe? s mixtures and to rescue his group. At that point, when Odysseus was stuck on the island of Ogygia, being held limited by Calypso, the Olympians casted a ballot to help him out to secure him off the island. They advised Calypso to relinquish him and she in like manner gave Odysseus apportions to last every piece great as stuffs to develop himself a pontoon. It is other than of import to watch, all things considered, that in spite of being supported by most Gods, the legend about ever came into battle with at any rate one of the Gods during their mission. The legend would every now and again make something distinctively narrow minded, and fleetly outrage one of the Gods. This carries us to Agamemnon? s employments with Artemis. On the way to battle the Trojan War, Artemis prevented the air flows from leting the boats to cruise on to Troy, since she was irate with Agamemnon for touting that he was a superior shooting than she was. She requested that Agamemnon give his young lady Iphigeneia to her all together for the air flows to get again. He was obviously weary, however so surrendered. Clytemnestra, his wedded lady, was shocked, however Iphigeneia was bold and offered herself to Artemis. Artemis was intrigued, saved her, and supplanted with her with a Department of Energy. Before long, the air flows continued, and the boats could cruise on. Identified with this, Achilles had occupations with Apollo when he slaughtered his kid, Tenes. He turned away the rage of Apollo however, by giving the arms that executed Tenes to Philoctetes, who was the one to persevere. The accompanying battle to be seen is among Heracles and Hera. Hera abhorred Heracles from the moment she discovered that he was the kid of Alcmena by her ever-two-timing hubby, Zeus. She perpetually attempted to murder him or pass on him threat, especially when she attempted to meddle with the culmination of his 12 works. At a certain point, she brought rest upon Zeus with the goal that she could pass on a dreadful tempest to where Heracles was cruising. ? Heracles may hold met his fate if Zeus had non got up in time. ? In this manner, there was shrillness with Jason and Zeus, in view of Jason? s relationship with the magician Medea. She violently and despicably executed the sovereign Absyrtus when on Jason? s transport and as a result, the boat, the Argo, w as trapped in a dreadful tempest and proficient to go ballistic on account of Zeus. The solitary way to obtain back spot was to look for help from Circe. Aside from this, there was a minor affray with Theseus and Dionysos. There was no significant battle, as Theseus was incognizant that Dionysos became hopelessly enamored with his hero Ariadne when they halted on the island of Naxos, and grabbed her. The remainder of the battles to be referenced before Odysseus, is that of Bellerophon and Zeus. Bellerophon endured the perniciousness of Zeus when he attempted to wing up to the home of the Gods with his Equus caballus, Pegasus. Pegasus was taken off from him and he was flung back to Earth. Odysseus? significant battle was with the God Poseidon. During his rovings, Odysseus wound up on the island where the Cyclops lived. He and his work powers got caught in a cavern with the Cyclops, Polyphemus, who was the kid of Poseidon. So as to escape, Odysseus concocted a program where he and his work powers would drive a terminating enthusiasm into Polyphemus? one oculus, so evade holding onto the mid-regions of his sheep. From the outset, he distinguished himself as? Figure? to Polyphemus, yet as he and his work powers were cruising off, his affectedness defeated him and he uncovered his actual independence. He shouted to the Cyclops, ? In the event that anyone solicits who looted you from your oculus, you may state him that it was Odysseus the sacker of metropoliss, the kid of Laertes, King of Ithaca! ? ( Green, p. 314-315 ) And things being what they are, with that silly declaration, Odysseus brought upon himself an interjection from Poseidon, who was vindicating his kid? s bl indness. This exclamation would end up being beyond all doubt won, as it would be the reason for the augmentation of Odysseus? venture by another ten mature ages and of the improprieties he encountered on his way place. The accompanying of import characteristic of a saint is the journey or adventure that the legend leaves on. A legend? s life would be rather undistinguished on the off chance that he did non hold an interest wherein he could put out on and fight for an incredible reason so as to turn out himself. This quest for the saint about ever starts with a demonstration of acceptance. In the occasion of the saints of the Trojan War ( Agamemnon, Achilles, Odysseus ) , the occasion that started their interest was the grab of Helen. Agamemnon was the central chief of this interest and brought the rest of the work powers to help him. At the point when Achilles was at this War, he included another journey inside it to vindicate the expire of his cousin, Patroclos. During a contention, Hector executed Patroclos ( the starting occasion ) and took his reinforcement which was acquired from Achilles. Achilles so promised to murder Hector, and succeeded. Much of the time, the mission of the legend endured a long clasp and was weighed down with ventures. This is the most evident in Odysseus? ventures, as portrayed by Homer in? The Odyssey? , and in those of Heracles, Jason and Theseus. Odysseus? full adventure, crossing from his commitment in the Trojan War to his excursion place subsequently, kept going entirely 20 mature ages. This is longest recorded excursion among the saints. In add-on, saints experience numerous encounters and fight in clashes with beasts, villains or different creatures. Odysseus, in organization with the different legends, did this too much. All the legends present at the Trojan War ( Agamemnon, Achilles and Odysseus ) battled numerous contentions and speak to this aspect. In add-on to the Trojan War, Odysseus experienced creatures, for example, the Lotus-eaters, the Cyclops, Polyphemus, the enchantresss Calypso and Circe, the Sirens and the beasts Scylla and Charybdis. Different legends unreasonably, experien ced creatures as great. Herculess experienced arranged beasts and creatures fr om his quest for the 12 works. Jason went over the firedrake that protected the Golden Fleece in his interest to recuperate the seat at Iolcos. Furthermore, Theseus met with creatures and creatures, for example, the Minotaur, from his ain works in his interest to recoup the seat at Athens. Along the way, the legend is other than sure to meet a femme fatale or a flirt, who attempts to add inconvenience to the endeavor at manus, however alongside some of the time winds up helping out. Helen can be viewed as a femme fatale of the legends of the Trojan War, as she essentially set the W

Saturday, August 22, 2020

How to Get Help Writing a Research Paper

How to Get Help Writing a Research PaperMany students who are looking to get help writing a research paper are asking themselves what they should be writing in their paper. The answer is different for every student and it's quite important that you know this before you start writing. This is because the content of your paper is very important, because it's what the reader will remember the most from your paper.So, you've decided to write a research paper and now you're wondering what content to include. The question is, what should I be writing about? The thing you should consider first is the topic of your paper. If you're writing a non-research based paper on a new topic, then there is no point in being too focused on writing the research content.It's often said that a research paper has an underlying theme. However, unless the research topics of previous research papers are also explored in your paper, the topic will be wasted if it's not explored in depth. Therefore, you must mak e sure that your topic is supported by previous research, otherwise, there is nothing to drive your research theme.Once you have chosen the topic of your paper, you must start thinking about the rest of the paper, in terms of theme. Again, this is a general outline. However, you must write the theme down in the margins so that it's ready when you sit down to write.Once you have the theme written down, you can move on to the next step. In this step, you must choose a title for your paper. You need to make sure the title is relevant and helps to draw attention to the topic of your paper. The title is also there as a guide to other writers when they're reviewing your paper.Then, you need to think about specific problems that you want to tackle in your paper. This is where your research theme is used to help you. For example, if you want to explore the history of health in America, then you could write your paper on health and social changes in America.Lastly, you need to think about th e exact formatting for your research paper. At this stage, you need to look at the traditional format that most people use. You could either convert to the electronic format, or you could do some basic editing on your paper. Either way, you should look into the various types of editing tools available, so that you can easily edit your paper to the one that will best suit your needs.Getting help writing a research paper doesn't necessarily mean you have to rewrite the whole thing. There are several things you can do, to make your paper easier to write and better suited to the needs of an audience.

Thursday, August 20, 2020

Video Lesson Citations for Beginners

Video Lesson Citations for Beginners (43) Level: Elementary school, Middle school Length: 3:15 Notes: Citations are in MLA 8th edition Looking for more? Click here to see all of our video lessons and infographics. Plagiarism: It’s a tough word for young students to read and understand, but it also comes with some scary consequences. Consequences can include teacher, parent, and/or administrator intervention, a failed grade, and in some cases, even school expulsion. The best way to prevent it? Teach your students, while they’re at a young age, to be responsible researchers. Teaching your students to include citations in their research projects is an essential, lifelong skill that will prevent plagiarism, provide self-confidence in the creation and submission of a research project, and also keep those scary consequences for them at bay. Citations for Beginners was developed to help young researchers understand: what plagiarism is why citations are created (to acknowledge or give credit to the original author, to allow others to find the source themselves, and to demonstrate to your instructor that you’re capable of locating high quality resources) the format and components of a citation in MLA format the purpose of using citation generator websites, such as EasyBib, to develop citations Use this video in a whole group setting to serve as an introduction to the citation process, assign students to watch it at home for homework as a “flipped classroom” activity, or collaborate with your school librarian to develop extension activities. The possibilities are endless and learning about citations is vital to becoming a responsible and ethical researcher. Believe it or not, elementary students aren’t too young to use citation generator websites, such as . Its simple design allows for young students to quickly and easily cite their sources. Students are capable of creating citations for books, websites, magazine articles, videos, and many other sources they may use while researching. Students can copy and paste the citations into their research project or export them to their Google Docs or Microsoft Word template. Looking for more videos to help with the research process? Be on the lookout for more coming your way! We’re planning on rolling out videos related to the research process and plagiarism in the months to come! Subscribe to our newsletter to be the first to receive our new and exciting resources for educators.

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Christianity, The World s Largest Religion - 1653 Words

Christianity consists of a lot more then what most people perceive of it. Not only is Christianity the world’s largest religion, but also includes more than 25,000 different denominational groups. The three branches of Christianity are Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Protestant. Each of these branches have numerous denominations within them. For instance, Protestantism includes Lutherans, Baptist, Methodists, Episcopalians, Presbyterians, Pentecostals, and Evangelicals. Ongoing conflicts about beliefs and practices caused the creation of these denominations. In 1504, the first division of Christianity into branches occurred with the creation of Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. They separated due to the difference in†¦show more content†¦All Christians believe that all humans are sinful and in need of grace, and that only Jesus Christ makes it possible for us to have a relationship with God through his death and resurrection. They also believe that th e Bible tells us who God is, how we can have a relationship with him, and how we can extend God’s love to other people. The branches of Christianity differ in heads of the church, how church is conducted, the importance of saints, and many other minor differences. Roman Catholics believe in a hierarchy with the Pope (Bishop of Rome) at the top. The Pope is the â€Å"Vicar of Christ† (Christ on Earth) and acts in his place to lead the Church in determining what is right and proper for all Catholics. He exercises authority over the 3,250 Bishops in the Roman Catholic Church and speaks on issues pertaining to faith and morals. Roman Catholic tradition of the Pope is based on the apostle Peter being ordained the first â€Å"pope† when Jesus declared, â€Å"And I say also unto thee, that thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it† (King James Bible Matthew 16:18). Cardinals, who have the right to

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Care and Belonging Free Essays

Jessica Downie Professor Troy McGinnis Reading Journal Entry #1 October 4, 2012 â€Å"Care and Belonging in the Market† by Allison J. Pugh Allison J. Pugh took the words right out of my mouth when writing her article on parents spending too much money on material items for their children. We will write a custom essay sample on Care and Belonging or any similar topic only for you Order Now Commodity consumption for children has exploded to $670 billion spent annually on or by children in the United states in 2004 and there is a good chance its only getting higher. She branches off in the article going into several different topics on how the adults and children are effected by their desire to want to belong in society and how it affects the relationship between the parents and the children. It also focuses on the corporate marketers and how they tend to sell a fantasy to the children, reeling them into having a desire to have the product. This being done by the marketers, it also allows the parents to have the desire for their children, resulting in buying the product. As I was reading this article, it made me think of my childhood growing up and how I related so close to this topic. For me, I didn’t have a lot growing up so I found myself struggling with wanting all the same things my friends had that my parents couldn’t always afford. My parents both worked full time jobs to provide for me and my two older brothers. Allison J. Pugh states in the article that low-income parents often planned ahead and save up to be able to buy their children what they ask for and I saw my parents do this for me and my brothers for Christmas and our birthdays. My parents taught me at a young age to stay humble and that material things don’t define me as a person. I carry this lesson with my everyday life now. I see my father now buying my two younger half sisters any and everything they could ever want. I see him trying to make up for the things he couldn’t give me while growing up. It also points out that your parents don’t buy you things for the joy of themselves; they simply do it because they have a fear f not wanting their kid to feel left out or feel as if they don’t belong. My five and nine year old sister has been through 2 iPads, iPod touches, cell phones and numerous amounts of toys, each. I find them being spoiled at such a young age is going to lead them to grow up not understanding the meaning of what a privilege it is to have nice things. Naturally everyone has a desire to fit in and be accepted by society, that wont ever change. As you get older, you are more aware of your status in society. You come to understand how society works, the interaction between people and the meanings of symbols in your day-to-day life. I do believe if more kids are exposed to valuable lessons growing up and not just get things handed to them, the chances of them taking these things for granted is less and maybe they wont feel the need to have the newest pair of Air Jordan’s or the latest iPhone just because everyone else does. I asked myself a few questions as I read through the article. One being, how was I effected by what my parents bought me growing up? Why does society look down on others if they don’t have the best of the best? Will this ever change? I started to pay attention to children and their parents when I was at the store, work and when I was at the mall the other day. I feel as if parents these days almost buy their kids love by giving into what they want even if its something ridiculous. Parents give in way too easily and the kids catch on to what they can and cant get away with. This also being a problem when trying to persuade your parents that you absolutely need the new Nintendo DS or else your life is over. She spent time with families who were low-income families and richer families. She noticed that â€Å"affluent parents practiced a form a form of â€Å"symbolic deprivation† pointing to particularly meaningful goods or experiences that their child didn’t not have as evidence of their own moral restraint and worthiness as parents. † I had to break that down to really understand what she meant by that. I think she means the affluent parents buy their children material things because they can and they want to stay higher up on the ladder in society. As for most low-income parents, they implemented a form of â€Å"symbolic indulgence†. Making sure that those particular goods or experiences have the most significant symbolic value for the children’s social world. They did the best they could with the resources they had and sometimes putting those items more important than anything else at that time. Id be lying if I was to say that I think this explosion of parents spending ridiculous amounts of money to shape their child’s social status is going to change anytime soon. I don’t think it will ever change. Its practically an unwritten rule in society. Parents will continue to do anything they can to make the kids be accepted by society and make them feel as comfortable as they grow older and make their way into the real world. How to cite Care and Belonging, Papers

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Academic Writing Memoir

Question: Discuss about theAcademic Writingfor Memoir. Answer: The Truth in Memoir Writing Memoir is considered a subgenre under the category of Creative nonfiction. According to Henderson, the author incorporates into the memoir a part of his lifes event. The objective of memoir is to reveal the authors experiences. Dollins discussed that the main difference between autobiography or biography and memoir is that the former covers the complete life of the author. Memoirs should include real facts, true stories of the authors life. In the given passages, the Patricia Hampl and Salman Rushdie have outlined the definition of Memoir. In the passage one, Patricia Hampl has discussed that memoir and fiction are not the same and any accusation of from the critics part is unjustified. Singer, and Nicole discussed, Memoir, as a genre is accused with intermixing memory with imagination. Her point of argument in this essay centers on the role of memory in writing nonfiction and its difference from imagination. Hampl argued that memoir is the best tool to channelize ones emotion while revealing real facts (Hampl, 1996). It is a fact that every person attaches some amount of emotion and imagination to his experiences. An autobiography or journalistic writing might reveal the facts; however, these are unable to project the real emotional outcome of the author. Memoir accomplishes this task effectively. Hampl argued that each person has a real past that is tangible and made with real stuffs that he has undergone. (Hampl, 1996) However, not everything is preserved in the mind. People tend to remember some facts accurately and forget some completely. Memory plays the vital role whenever one decides to share those events. She has discussed that whatever is stored accurately as a memory can be expressed in details. It does not mean that those facts are not real or imaginary. In cases where reality cannot be depicted in its complete shape, the imagination of the author reconstructs a portion of it without violating the main essence of the narrative. (Hampl, 1996) In any of those instances, the writer never moves out of reality and enters into the domain of fiction writing. Memoir is definitely not a fiction. Fiction does not include any real facts uttered by the narrator. According to Frye, Hampl has brought the question of why a writer should select memoir as a style of writing over biography while sharing his life stories. It is a point of argument why a writer should write memoir and not an autobiography if he has decided to express his own experiences. Patricia Hampl discusses the answer in this book. She said that memoir enables the writer to incorporate his subjective self or subjective point of view into the narrative (Hampl, 1996). Every situation or every experience never adds value to our lives if it is devoid of any personal emotion. Karr also opined that the emotional outcome that is a result of the subjective point of view acts a link between the author and the narrative. Unlike the fiction, memoir is a documentation of real events with real emotions. Therefore, the readers feel mote involvement with the story. Karr said, Hampl explains that it is the gift of the narrators to transform the experience through creative imagination and adds value to that experience. Memoir does this job effectively. The second passage, extracted from Salman Rusdies memoir Imaginary Homelands, defines memoir as an effective subgenre of Creative nonfiction. The confusion of a writer while describing the real emotions is clearly brought out by Rushdie. He uttered that when he looked through his window and found a beautiful scene of the city, he felt that it is not something that he has imaganied (Rushdie 2012). His imagination was completely different from what he has experienced. However, as a writer of nonfiction narrative, he is bound to project the real events and real emotions. He is not allowed to exercise his imagination while describing how the city of North London looks from the windowpane (Rushdie 2012). The discussion of memory, imagination and creativity in the nonfiction writing is very different here from the previous extracted piece of writing by Patricia Hampl. According to Juhl, here the focus of the narrator is to upheld the truth about utilizing memory and bring the past back wit hout any distortion. The subjectivity of the narrator plays a major role in this instance. He wanted o present his own version of history through his experiences. As Rushdie discussed, this version should be different from all the other possible versions experienced and shared by other people. A mere nonfiction prose, however, states the fact. This fact might be same for everybody. Rushdie opined that memoir makes the difference in this case. Hidalgo discussed, Memoir explores the real fact replete with the subjective experience of the narrator. It describes the way the reality has affected or influenced the narrator, which varies from one person to another. However, Rushdie does not ignore the questions of accuracy and authenticity. He explained that he has tried to remain imaginatively true. Although, the truth of the imagination is a matter of suspicion for many people, yet that is the best possible way to explore a new and different version of the real fact. He argued that any o ther person might not experience his version of the reality; however, it does not make his version false. This version might also not be included into the history, yet it is not false. The way Rushdie has experienced India and especially Bombay, might never be the same again, and it might not be found in the future too. Still, it is his experience and should not be included into the genre of fiction. It is not his imagination that he has shared; rather it is the subjective point of view that he has incorporated into the narrative. To make his point clear to the readers, Rushdie has introduced a narrator named Saleem who narrates the story. Through Saleem, Rushdie has shared his real experiences. As already discussed, Rushdie has made an argument that our memory does not remember everything and therefore, it is impossible to describe everything. To project this concept, Rushdie has made Saleem having a fallible memory. It is a matter of argument whether a novel is considered a memoir or not. An autobiography can be considered a memoir. A biography can never be a memoir because the subjective self of the narrator is not present in the novel that a memoir strongly demands. Some novels that claim to have based on any real life incidents are also not included in the genre of memoir if it is based on the experience of any other person. The narrator must share his own experience creatively through the narrative. It is clearly pointed out by Hampl as she mentioned the intersection of narration and reflection in the memoir. It is the subjectivity of the narrative that makes all the differences. A creative nonfiction writer will show the topic or the subject, place and personality through actions. Memoir is one such genre of creative nonfiction, where the writer focuses on presenting the I of the writer. The inclusion of subjectivity attaches an amount of suspicion into the narrative. Both Hampl and Rushdie have introduced this point of argument in their works. On one hand, human memory is not bound to store everything that it is gone by. The question is to maintain factual accuracy by not filling the blank with the imagination of the author. Hampl has written that a memoirist always have her story already finished and completely achieved in reality. In such a situation, the memoir is nothing but a transcription of the history. Her words justify the authenticity of her narrative. She has discussed how memory plays an important role in recollection of the real facts. As she said that she did not remember anything about her first arithmetic lessons, yet the memory of the first piano lesson is accurately preserved in her mind. Her discussion negates the allegation of falsification. The memoir that she has written is replete with minute details of experiences because she has actually remembered those things. On the other hand, Rushdie has argued that it is impossible to recall every detail. Therefore, he made his narrator having a fallible memory. It does not make the narrative a fiction; rather it is an important component of memoir as a genre. Defining Non Fiction Creative non-fiction is also named literary nonfiction and narrative nonfiction. The style is marked by producing narratives that are factually accurate. As a genre, it is contrasted with other types of nonfiction including academic or technical writing and even journalistic style of writing because all these technique focus on presenting fact based narratives. However, creative nonfiction is gaining acceptance with time. One thing that comes to mind is that in what ways other nonfiction is different to creative nonfiction. In addition, how can nonfiction be creative? It can be understood by analyzing creative nonfiction as a separate genre. The main objective of the nonfiction writer is to provide accurate information about any real incident. However, his presentation should be in a way that appears as a fiction. Various narrative forms belonging to this genre include biography, memoir, autobiography, literary journalism, food related writing, diary, travelogue, chronicles, and personal essays. There are other hybridized essays that are part of this genre. According to Williams, the genre of creative writing can be divided into two sub-categories namely Personal essay and journalistic essay. Apart from this opinion, another critic Kerr has outlined four distinctive characteristics of this genre. He emphasized on the inclusion of documentable subject matter taken from the real world and not something invented in the mind of the writer. It tries to establish the fact that creative nonfiction should include real facts of the real world. The second characteristic of this genre is exhaustive research. It allows the writer to channelize novel perspective through the narratives. Exhaustive Research also permits the writers to include verifiable references in the text that enhance the credibility of their narratives. The third characteristic of Creative nonfiction is the scene. It means that the writers should describe and portray a scene in a contrast to the journalistic style of writing. The forth characteristic of it is named as fine writing: a literary prose style. It refers to the polished and organized writing style of the narrator that makes the narrative attractive to the readers. Apart from all the characteristics discussed in the above, the creative nonfiction can also have a style of traditional style of fiction writing (Girard, 2015). As Starkey has discussed, in many of the well-known creative nonfiction essays, the author is found using the style of fiction writing while providing real facts about a real event. Fenton Johnsons Story of love and loss, and Geography of the heart, and Patty Hearst by Virginia Holman are found to follow this trend. It is a fact that the genre has undergone many experiments and is still going through it. The main question is in what ways and to what extent the creative nonfiction can be creative. The level and limitation of creativity have been discussed by the authors. In his book Silvertown, Melanie McGrath has mentioned that the real facts in the stories act as the canvas on which he has embroidered and those facts that are absent are replaced by the reimagined scenes or events to match the real essence of the scene (McGra th, 2012). He believed that such reconstruction does not alter the truth but enhanced it. Not all critics have agreed on inclusion of reconstructed events. One important aspect has been discussed by Himmelheber et al, they discussed that memory, which is the storehouse of all the real facts, reconstruct real facts unconsciously. It is not always possible to write exactly the same actions that took place. Human memory keeps the main essence intact based on which it provide facts. Therefore, human memory is termed as the ultimate mythmaker. According to Beaumont, even if one writes a journalistic price of writing based on a interview, the writer is unable to provide exact words of the interviewee. The main points included in the published writing should retain the real facts; however, it is impossible to avoid imagination at all. Use of creative imagination is profound in such instances. Often the journalists are accused with presenting falsifying stories. It can be said that they hav e failed to channelize their creative thinking. Creative imagination of the author should not exaggerate or overshadow the real facts. It should support the Factual evidences with proper style and presentation. Any falsification of facts in case of journalistic essays is considered unethical. This issue of ethics is applied in other types of Creative nonfiction too. The purpose is to project the truth. According to Einstein, creative nonfiction deals with both truth and accuracy, that is expected from nonfiction writing. Pickett has observed that since the genre of creative nonfiction started gaining acceptance from the readers and the authors, some critics have talked about the limitation of the art form. Writing in scenes, which is an important element of creative nonfiction, indicates the difference between telling and showing. It is observed that a nonfiction writer mainly introduces a subject or a topic, a place or any personality. However, a creative nonfiction writer will show the topic or the subject, place and personality through actions. It has resulted into the development of subgenres under the category of personal essay. Memoir is one such genre of creative nonfiction, where the writer focuses on presenting the I of the writer. Memory and Imagination by Patricia Hampl is a creative nonfiction narrative. It falls into the subgenre of memoir. Here the narrator has shared her childhood experiences in a creative manner. Hampl describes the role of music in her family life, as her father was a violin player. Hampl learnt music from her father and used to perform duets with him. The story is presented in detail. According to Gutkind, from the very beginning of the story, the facts appeared to be believable. However, it is found that not every single details presented in the narrative is not true. Some of them are the projection of Hampls own imagination. Through the narrative, she has tried to demonstrate the need of the people while writing or reading a memoir. Hampl has tried to establish the importance of imagination in memoir writing. However, the first draft of the narrative introduced only the basic concept of what to write; then the writer shifted to the detailed discussion. Through her memoir, Hampl has e xpressed the hidden emotions and images. This is what many critics have talked about as the violation of the authenticity of nonfiction writing. While presenting her life story, Hampl has incorporated her emotions and experiences into the narrative. The existence of the self or the I within the structure of the nonfiction writing is what makes it a piece of creative nonfiction (Hampl, 1996). On the other hand, Freeman discussed, the existence of the self in the narrative is an evidence of truth and reality. Whatever she has experienced in her childhood, she has expressed it to the readers. The memories of that she shares, the memories of her parents compelling her to become the person they wanted, the kinds of punishments and consequences that she survives, everything is described with effective choice of words. The debate was whether these words are exaggeration or real emotions. Words such as tortured flair, artistry, gleamed are mainly found in fiction prose. According to Concha, Hampl has used these words to show the situation she has faced. All creative nonfiction writers should have the idea about the limitations of providing emotional overtones. Through the scenes, she has presented her story. The readers are able to see what she has wanted to show them. It goes perfectly with the concept of creative nonfiction. Apart from the scenes, Hampl has maintained all the four elements of Creative nonfiction. She has retained all the other elements of creative nonfiction in this memoir. She has documented the real life events, exercises her perspective through experiences, presented the scenes, and written in beautiful literary prose style. To discuss whether Hampl is successful in presenting real events without any exaggeration, a close look at the prose will be given. While reading the story, the readers will find the detailed description of the characters mentioned by the author. She described Sister Olive Marie as small, plump woman. She has mentioned the name of the real people. It is found in the name of Thompson (Hampl, 1996). However, Hampl has justified why she has chosen the genre of memoir while intending to share her childhood experiences. She has written that a memoirist always have her story already finished and completely achieved in reality. In such a situation, the memoir is nothing but a transcription of the history. Her words justify the authenticity of her narrative. She has discussed how memory plays an important role in recollection of the real facts. As she said that she did not remember anything about her first arithmetic lessons, yet the memory of the first piano lesson is accurately preserved in her mind. Her discussion negates the allegation of falsification. According to Himmelheber et al, the memoir that she has written is replete with minute details of experiences because she has actually remembered those things. Therefore, when she utters that, the sun makes me sneeze, the reader is supposed to accept it as a real experience of that particular moment because Hampl has actually remembered them. Caulley opined, on the other hand, when she mentioned that she has added her creativity to differentiate the narrative from mere transcription, the reader is bound to accept the areas where creativity occurred. Hampl has pointed out that memoir is considered nonfiction because each person has a real and tangible past. In this book, she has only brought that past in front of the readers. As it is her life events and she is the person who is writing, it is supposed to include her subjective point of view. Therefore, it is very much a piece of creative nonfiction. References Beaumont, Karen. "Delving into the fourth genre."English in Aotearoa88 (2016): 26. Caulley, Darrel N. "Making qualitative research reports less boring: The techniques of writing creative nonfiction."Qualitative Inquiry(2008). Concha, Jaime. "memoirs and his transpoetic dimension."anales de literatura chilena. Vol. 14. No. 19. Centro estudios literatura chilena, av vicuna mackenna 4860, santiago, 00000, chile: pontificia univ catolica chile, fac letras,, 2013. Dollins, Cynthia A. "Crafting Creative Nonfiction: From Close Reading to Close Writing."The Reading Teacher(2016). Einstein, Sarah E.Person, Place, and Thing. Diss. Ohio University, 2016. Freeman, Robin, and Karen Le Rossignol. "Writer-as-narrator: engaging the debate around the (un) reliable narrator in memoir and the personal essay."Text: journal of writing and writing programs19.1 (2015): 1-1. Frye, Northrop.Anatomy of criticism. Princeton University Press, 2015. Girard, Rosemary. "The Professional Writer's Many Personae: Creative Nonfiction, Popular Writing, Speechwriting, and Personal Narrative." (2015). Gutkind, Lee.You can't make this stuff up: The complete guide to writing creative nonfiction--from memoir to literary journalism and everything in between. Da Capo Press, 2012 Hampl, Patricia. "Memory and imagination."The anatomy of memory: An anthology(1996): 201-11. Henderson, Charles.Within the writing genre of creative nonfiction: drafting a memoir as an effective way to present an epic cultural question to a wide audience. Diss. University of Wales Lampeter, 2014. Hidalgo, Cristina Pantoja. "Reading and Writing Creative Nonfiction."Journal of English Studies and Comparative Literature(2015). Himmelheber, Rachel Haley, et al. "10 Terms Trends: Creative Writing and the Academy."What We Talk about When We Talk about Creative Writing14 (2016). Juhl, Peter D.Interpretation: An essay in the philosophy of literary criticism. Princeton University Press, 2014. Karr, Mary.The art of memoir. HarperCollins, 2015. Kerr, Jaren. "The Author as a Protagonist and Artist: Applying the Auteur Theory to Creative." (2015). McGrath, Melanie.Silvertown: an East End family memoir. HarperCollins UK, 2012 Nagy, Jamie K.Composing a Literary Adoption Memoir and Self Through Creative Nonfiction Memoir Writing. Diss. English Department, South Dakota State University, 2015. Pickett, Michael. "An Analysis of Narrative and Voice in Creative Nonfiction."Journal of Arts and Humanities2.7 (2013): 1. Rushdie, Salman.Imaginary homelands: Essays and criticism 1981-1991. Random House, 2012. Singer, Margot, and Nicole Walker, eds.Bending genre: Essays on creative nonfiction. Bloomsbury Publishing USA, 2013. Starkey, David.Creative writing: Four genres in brief. Macmillan Higher Education, 2012. Williams, Bronwyn T. "Writing Creative Nonfiction."A Companion to Creative Writing(2013): 24-39.

Wednesday, April 1, 2020

Present Concept of Atom free essay sample

Subatomic particles Main article: Subatomic particle Though the word atom originally denoted a particle that cannot be cut into smaller particles, in modern scientific usage the atom is composed of various subatomic particles. The constituent particles of an atom are the electron, the proton and the neutron. However, the hydrogen-1 atom has no neutrons and a positive hydrogen ion has no electrons. The electron is by far the least massive of these particles at 9. 11? 10? 1 kg, with a negative electrical charge and a size that is too small to be measured using available techniques. [46] Protons have a positive charge and a mass 1,836 times that of the electron, at 1. 6726? 10? 27 kg, although this can be reduced by changes to the energy binding the proton into an atom. Neutrons have no electrical charge and have a free mass of 1,839 times the mass of electrons,[47] or 1. 6929? 10? 27 kg. Neutrons and protons have comparable dimensions—on the order of 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Present Concept of Atom or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ? 10? 15 m—although the surface of these particles is not sharply defined. [48] In the Standard Model of physics, both protons and neutrons are composed of elementary particles called quarks. The quark belongs to the fermion group of particles, and is one of the two basic constituents of matter—the other being the lepton, of which the electron is an example. There are six types of quarks, each having a fractional electric charge of either +2? or ? 1? 3. Protons are composed of two up quarks and one down quark, while a neutron consists of one up quark and two down quarks. This distinction accounts for the difference in mass and charge between the two particles. The quarks are held together by the strong nuclear force, which is mediated by gluons. The gluon is a member of the family of gauge bosons, which are elementary particles that mediate physical forces. [49][50]

Saturday, March 7, 2020

Recording Industry essays

Recording Industry essays The recording industry is one of the great global industries of today. It brings pleasure and fulfillment to people of all ages, cultures and creeds; it is one of the leading creative industries that increasingly drive the development of modern economies; and it is pioneering in the era of digital technologies and electronic commerce. In todays age when it comes to getting something for cheap, or something for nothing people will try their best to get it. One of the most unstable industries today is the recording industry. The reason for this is in todays society everyone tends to download music instead of buying it form a store. So the hundreds of hours and money put into recording an album has to be made back some how. It happens like this, one person would spend the $14.99 to buy an album then they would put it on their computer and log onto the Internet. Then millions of people are able to go on the Internet and download that same album for free. Then you have the people who dow nload the music and sell it on street corners for less than half the original price. Their making 100% Tax free profit off of someone elses hard work. All of this can be done form anyones personal computer. What their doing is stealing. Its called music- piracy. For someone to download and sell music that they didnt make is a felony. One of the many non-profit organizations that try to stop this is the IFPI. Protecting copyright, fighting piracy and promoting the value to modern economies of a thriving legitimate music industry, are core activities of IFPI. The IFPI is an organization representing the international recording industry. It comprises a membership of 1500 recording producers and distributors in 76 countries. They stop people from swapping music over the Internet. IFPIs priorities are fighting music piracy, and promoting fair market access, and having adequate copyright laws. ...

Thursday, February 20, 2020

Thermal Conductivity Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Thermal Conductivity Report - Essay Example The negative sign indicates that heat is transferred in the direction of decreasing temperature. The heat flow will be in the perpendicular-to-the-cross-section direction, i.e. one-dimensional. To determine how much heat is provided, we will calculate how much heat is taken (absorb) by the cold water at steady state condition. (it is the condition at which heat supplied is equal to the heat removed). For this we use the relation Where Q is the rate of heat transfer, s is specific heat capacity of water , Tout is the temperature of water at outlet and Tin is the temperature of water at inlet. Putting the value of Q in (ii), we get The apparatus consist of accessories for providing heat at one end of sample composite bar and for taking heat at the other end of the bar through water. The water inlet temperature and outlet temperature was measured through thermometers. To determine the volume of water the measuring flask was provided. To determine the temperature at different points along the bar thermocouples were provided. The whole apparatus was well insulated to ensure one dimensional heat flow. The heater was switched on and as the circulation of water through the cavity. Readings at thermocouples 1,2,3 and 4 were taken when the steady state condition was achieved. The volume of water circulating was measured and time taken for this. The inlet and outlet temperature of water is also measured. Heat transfer has taken place because of the difference of temperature between two ends of sample bar (consisting of copper and stainless steel). From graph slopes of copper and stainless steel shows that drop in temperature per unit length in copper bar is less as compared to stainless steel, which indicates that copper has let more heat to be transferred through it. Similar result is given by the calculated thermal conductivities showing that copper thermal conductivity is greater as compare to stainless steel. A

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

Compare education system differences between US and China Essay

Compare education system differences between US and China - Essay Example For most, practical knowledge is more important than textbook knowledge.† (Chen, 2001). However, the Chinese system is totally focused on examination and higher scores. Their ultimate goal of education was concerned with the success of the student in his/her achievement, which would let them earn money and fame in future. In the American education system, the school structure holds a grade system where kindergarten through fifth grade is classified as elementary school, sixth through eighth as junior high school and ninth to twelfth as high school. However, in China, the grade division is split a little differently, with the kindergarten to sixth classified as elementary school, and seventh to twelfth as middle school. In addition to these structural differences, the US schools use a holistic system of education where the students’ school grades, test scores, extracurricular activities, code of conduct, application essays as well as a personal interview are taken into account. On the contrary, the education system in China solely focuses on the academic results and hard work exercises. Unlike in US, the entire school system of China is very rigid with guidelines and predetermined classes, while the American system exercises more freedom on the part of the students. For instance, in US, a stude nt has the freedom to choose his or her classes which is totally unheard of in China, as every class and syllabus, all through the high school to college is set in advance, for the reason of avoiding the complications accompanied with the personalized education system. The concept of education has a greater influence on the students’ reflection towards the society in the future. The major dissimilarity between the American and Chinese education lies in their teaching systems. This system has a profound impact on the students’ attitude of learning and pursuing

Monday, January 27, 2020

Criminological Praxis And Tearoom Trade Media Essay

Criminological Praxis And Tearoom Trade Media Essay Laud Humphreys study of the tearoom trade has proved to be an extremely controversial piece of research, so controversial in fact that many called for his PhD to be revoked. Humphreys used covert observation in order to study impersonal sexual encounters between men in public restrooms, this is an extremely controversial subject, and was even more so at the time when the research was undertaken; furthermore, covert research is often heavily criticised for being unethical, leading to additional controversy. Covert research is where researchers go undercover to obtain their information. To lessen the potential for reactive effects and to gain entry to otherwise inaccessible settings, some researchers have adopted the role of a covert participant. By doing so they keep their research secret and do their best to act like other participants in a social setting or group. (Bachman and Schutt, 2007:267) This essay will explore whether the controversy surrounding the tearoom trade is a result of the subject matter studied, or the methodological approach used. The research undertaken by Humphreys will be discussed in some detail, describing what the research consisted of, and evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of the methodology. Consideration will also be given to the use of covert research in general, assessing the pros and cons of the method, as well as covert research conducted by other researchers. Laud Humphreys conducted his research in the 1960s and his book Tearoom Trade: A study of homosexual encounters in public places was published in 1970, with a second edition published in 1975. Humphreys carried out his research in order to determine who the men were, who were willing to risk arrest in order to indulge in impersonal sex in public places, as well as to uncover the dynamics of the encounters between the men involved, and discover what this could tell us about human behaviour. The main finding of his research was that the majority of individuals engaging in homosexual activities within the tearoom led the rest of their lives at heterosexuals. Humphreys used covert methods in order to enter in to the tearoom. A tearoom is a public toilet where men meet for sex with other men. (Banyard and Flanagan, 2005:27) Humphreys (1970, pp page 2-3) suggests that the reason public restrooms are so ideal for impersonal sex is because they can provide both a public and private setting. Public restrooms are easily accessible, yet they provide little public visibility. Due to this Humphreys focused his study on restrooms within public parks, as they were often frequented by men seeking instant sex due to their easy access and limited use by general members of the public. In order to be accepted by the participants of the tearoom trade, Humphreys, assumed the role of tearoom watchqueen by serving as a lookout with the responsibility to warn of approaching strangers in exchange for the right to observe the homosexual activity. (Kimmel, 1988:22) By acting as the watchqueen, Humphreys was able to freely observe what was occurring in the tearooms without suspicion from the genuine participants. This use of deception has been heavily criticised by many, as deception within research is seen as highly unethical. Many social scientists feel that it is unethical for a researcher to conceal his identity to gain inside information. Others feel disguised observation is ethical as long as the welfare of the subjects is protected. (Fitzgerald and Cox, 2002:133) Although he did use deception, Humphreys did go to some lengths to protect his participants, which will be discussed later. Furthermore if he were to have entered the tearooms, and announced his role as a researcher, the likelihood is that all sexual activity would have been terminated and the men who frequented the tearooms would have left, either for fear of being discovered as a person who seeks impersonal sex, the fear or criminal conviction, or for the sheer fact of not wishing to be observed by a researcher. Even if the participants remained, it is likely that they would have altered their behaviour, as they knew they were being observed. If Humphreys had informed the tearoom goers of his research, the results which he obtained would probably not have been as valid, as the results he obtained by using covert methods. Another issue that arises from the use of covert methods and deception is that of informed consent. Covert participant observation is clearly a violation of the principle of informed consent. (Bulmer, 1982:218) Covert methods rely on the research subject being unaware of the research taking place; it can therefore be argued that by studying people without their prior knowledge is a breach of human rights. People should clearly have the right to decide whether or not to participate in any research, and their decision should be based on full understanding of what the research consists of, and how any personal information or data obtained will be used. Every code of ethics designed to guide research involving human subjects gives primacy to the requirement of fully informed voluntary consent on the part of the individual concerned. (Gregory, 2003:35) Humphreys research clearly violates this need for informed consent; however, it again can be argued that his research findings could not have been obtained by any other means. It is also important to note, that at the time the research was conducted, there were no professional guidelines making informed consent a research requirement. By observing the participants covertly it can be argued that Humphreys was also invading their right to privacy, however, as they were conducting private acts, in a public domain, is this criticism justifiable? Any male is free to enter the mens restroom, and observe the goings on, it was only by recording his observations that Humphreys can be criticised for invading privacy. As well as observing the homosexual acts conducted in the tearooms, Humphreys engaged in verbal relationships with twelve men he encountered during his research, he named these the intensive dozen. Humphreys revealed his true identity to these twelve men, informing them of his true reason for attending the tearooms. This enabled him to conduct in-depth interviews. With the help of some meals together and a number of drinks, all agreed to cooperate in subsequent interviewing sessions. (Humphreys, 1970:36) It can easily be argued that the intensive dozen, were the only participants in Humphreys study who gave full informed consent. Interestingly, especially to those who criticise Humphreys use of deception, Laud himself states that, Apart from the systematic observations themselves, these conversations constitute the richest source of data in the study. (Humphreys, 1970:37) This brings in to debate whether the covert methods used were really called for, as Humphreys obtained valuable information from the intensive dozen, by revealing to them his true identity and purpose. However, it could be argued, that without his use of deception, and the fact that he often frequented the tearooms, that the twelve men would not be willing to cooperate. If a total stranger had approached these men, would they be willing to confess all about their homosexual exploits? Social deviants inside restrooms and elsewhere develop careful defences against outsiders, including special gestures and extreme caution with strangers. (Warwick, 1982:39) Was it because they had become acquaintances with Humphreys already that they were willing to tell all? Unfortunately it is impossible to be able to answer these questions. In order to gain even more information about the men who participated in the tearoom trade, Humphreys made notes about the physical appearance of the men he observed as well as noting the licence plates of their vehicles. By posing as a market researcher Humphreys was able to obtain the registration details for the vehicles in question from a friendly policeman; again this procedure is ethically questionable as Humphreys once again used deception to gain private information about people. Upon receiving the names and addresses of the participants, he visited their homes and made observations and notes about the physical appearance of the house, as well as the location. Humphreys then took advantage of his role as a research associate for a local research centre. He was asked by the centre to produce a questionnaire for a social health survey, for men in the local community. Humphreys saw this as an opportunity to include the tearoom participants in the survey, selecting 50 participant s to be surveyed along with 50 other members of the community. Approximately a year after his attendance at the tearooms, he sufficiently altered his appearance, so that the tearoom participants would be unable to recognise him as the voyeuristic watchqueen, and proceeded to enter their homes, under the premise of a social worker, in order to conduct the social health survey. This again raises ethical issues, as Humphreys is once again using deception to enter in to the private domain of the men he is researching, and because of this deception he was able to gain private information under false pretences. It may also be argued that Humphreys was putting his participants in harms way, as the issue of impersonal homosexual encounters is a sensitive one. As many of the men he surveyed led heterosexual lives, with wives and families, he was putting them in real danger of being exposed, which may of led to their personal lifes being destroyed. However, regardless of how the information was obtained, Humphreys ensured he took every measure to prevent the information being used by anybody else, and to protect the anonymity and confidentiality of the participants. The British Sociological Association state that, The anonymity and privacy of those who participate in the research process should be respected. Personal information concerning research participants should be kept confidentialWhere possible, threats to the confidentiality and anonymity of research data should be anticipated by researchers. The identities and research records of those participating in research should be kept confidential Appropriate measures should be taken to store research data in a secure manner. (British Sociological Association, 2002) The survey data and all other research materials which were obtained by Humphreys, were secured in a safety deposit box, in a different city to where the research was conducted, and upon finishing with the data, it was destroyed. This is good ethical practice, despite the way the information was gathered. As the information was so sensitive, and could have been used for blackmailing purposes or to bring about criminal convictions, it was vital that Humphreys treated the information in such an appropriate way. So far, it is evident that one of the major controversies surrounding Humphreys research was his repeated use of deception. Warwick (1982:46) suggests that, Humphreys research provides a unique case study of deception. The concatenation of misrepresentation and disguises in this effort must surely hold the world record for field research. (Warwick,1982:46) Warwick then continues with a list of shortcomings regarding the research Humphreys conducted. Included in the list are the facts that Humphreys misrepresented his identity while serving as a watchqueen in public restrooms, the fact that he deceived the police in order to obtain personal information about the tearoom participants, and the fact he altered his appearance and conducted the surveys in disguise. When all the uses of deception are put so bluntly into a list, it is clear to see why there is such controversy surrounding the methodology used by Humphreys. But is this criticism unique to Humphreys work, or can it be applied to all covert research? Many people strongly object to the use of covert research, this essay will now explore why this is so. Roger Homan (1991, pp page 109-113) lists thirteen separate objections to the use of covert research. He argues that covert methods flout the principle of informed consent, help erode personal liberty, betray trust, pollute the research environment, are bad for the reputation of social research, discriminate against the defenceless and powerless, may damage the behaviour or interest of subjects, may become habitual in the everyday life of the person doing the research, are seldom necessary, have the effect of confining the scope of the research and finally he suggests that the researcher suffers excessive strain in maintaining the cover. With so many objections to covert research is it any wonder that Humphreys has been so heavily criticised for his work? All these objections and criticisms of covert methods, begs the question, why do some researchers employ covert methods? Many researchers do so, as they feel that they would be unable to infiltrate and obtain information from certain groups or settings, if covert methods were not used. For example, Calvey (2000) who went undercover for six months to research club bouncers and nightlife, states that, In terms of taking a covert role, some argue that such a stance is ethically indefensible. However, given my concern with authenticity and the lived experience of this dangerous work, it would have been nearly impossible to gain access any other way. (Calvey, 2000:46) What Calvey is saying here, is that he felt that the only way to gain accurate, valuable information from his research was to adopt a covert approach; he felt that by honestly approaching bouncers as a researcher he would be unable to obtain information on their culture and way of life. Like Humphreys, Calvey has been heavily criticised for his work, due to his use of deception and the fact he was putting both himself and the people he was researching at risk. However, not all covert research has come under such heavy fire when it comes to criticism; an example of such research would be that conducted by Howard Becker on dance hall musicians and becoming a marijuana user. Becker also used deception, and often recorded conversations without informed consent, yet his work has not been criticised as relentlessly as Humphreys work has. It would appear, that although covert methods are widely criticised as unethical practice, the subject matter being studied is capable of stoking the fire, and influencing peoples judgement even further, helping to produce heavier criticisms and distain for both the research and the researcher alike. At the time when Humphreys conducted his research, homosexuals did not have the same freedom to explore and enjoy their sexuality that they do today; the gay liberation movement was only just beginning to emerge. At the time, homosexual sex was characterised as criminal sodomy and very little research had been conducted on the gay subculture in general, never mind research pertaining to sexual acts between members of the same sex. It is interesting to think that, if Humphreys conducted his research in todays modern times whether he would have received the same criticism that he did when his book was published in 1970. It is clear that, through his use of covert methods, and controversial subject matter, Humphreys has come under fire, and his research has been heavily criticised. But was his research justified and did the outcome of his research benefit those involved and society as a whole? Although his use of covert methods are controversial and may be considered unethical, Humphreys probably would not have been able to uncover the information which he did without using such methods, therefore, in these circumstances, the use of such methods are justified. There are serious ethical and legal issues in the use of covert research but the use of covert methods may be justified in certain circumstances. (British Sociological Association, 2002) Humphreys also went to incredible lengths to protect the information he obtained, which can only be seen as a strong asset to his research. Also, it was due to the research undertaken by Humphreys, and other such research conducted at a similar time, that many of the current ethical codes and guidelines pertaining to research exist today. These guidelines have enabled recent research to be much more ethically sound, and therefore not be so heavily criticised. Therefore, Humphreys work has helped in the advancement and evolution of social research. It is also interesting to consider whether the research conducted by Humphreys should have received such criticism considering that these ethical codes did not exist at the time. In relation to the impact his research has had on both the homosexual community and society as a whole, Humphreys managed to disprove many of the myths surrounding the tearoom trade. Many believed that the tearoom trade put young people at risk of sexual assault, yet Humphreys managed to show that the only sexual activity occurring in public restrooms was between consenting adults, and that no advances were made to disinterested parties. He also managed to show that the men engaging in the tearoom trade were not merely criminals or transients, but that the majority were upstanding members of the community, many of which were employed and had families, and a considerable amount were members, or had been members of the armed forces. This can only been seen as shedding a positive light on the then, underground homosexual subculture. As West (1970) states, [there can only be] benefit in the long term from the information the author has been able to obtain about a little understood but important facet of deviant behaviour. (West, 1970: viii) In conclusion it can be argued that the controversy surrounding Humphreys research is down to a combination of his methodological approach, and his chosen subject matter. His work drew attention to a little known deviant activity, which many people may have been disgusted by, and his findings are somewhat graphically depicted in his book Tearoom Trade. This controversial subject matter coupled with his ethically flawed methodology is what has led his research to become so infamously controversial within the field of social research. Warwick (1982), one of Humphreys main critics acknowledges that some of the controversies surrounding the research come from the research topic, yet he defends Humphreys decision to research into the tearoom trade, and only finds fault with the research methods that he used. Undoubtedly public reaction to Tearoom Trade will be strongly affected by the subject matter and the way in which the findings are presented. Many readers, finding the whole topic revolting, will channel their distaste against the author and sociology in generalEven so I would strongly defend Humphreys right to study this topic, however controversial it may beSocial scientists have not only a right but an obligation to study controversial and politically sensitive subjects, including homosexuality, even if this brings down the wrath of the public and government officials. But this obligation does not carry with it the right to deceive, exploit, or manipulate people (Warwick, 1982:54-55) However in defence of his methodology, it is important to consider that there were no formal guidelines and ethical codes relating to social research at the time Humphreys conducted his study of the tearoom trade. Also, many of the criticisms relating to the possible harm to participants are what ifs. Is it justifiable to criticise a piece of research on the fact that harm may come to the participant? Humphreys went to incredible lengths to ensure harm would not come to his participants, and that their identities would not be disclosed. In relation to his use of covert methods, deception and lack of informed consent, it is difficult to see how else he would have been able to conduct the research and still achieve the same results. Furthermore, deception is not restricted to covert methods, as can be seen in the example of Milgrams Study of Obedience, where informed consent was obtained, yet deception was still used. It is my opinion that although Humphreys research is ethically flawed, the reason it has become so controversial is not solely down to the methodology, the controversial subject matter has served as an accelerant in fuelling the controversy surrounding the research. Word Count: 3277

Sunday, January 19, 2020

The Grapes Of Wrath: Description Al Joad And The Setting :: essays research papers

The Grapes of Wrath: Description Al Joad and the Setting Al Joad is a fairly skinny guy of medium built who starts out being a cocky, self-conceited character. His only justifiable reason for acting cocky is that his brother, Tom, killed a man and went to jail. Al respects his brother and thinks of him as a man for having killed another man. The fact of the matter is that Tom was only acting in self defense. After a man came after Tom with a knife, Tom hit him over the head with a shovel, and killing him in the process. Al would receive complements all over town from people who recognize him and being the brother of a man that was a killer. As soon as Tom Joad comes home from prison, Al is a changed person. He is no longer cocky and he almost resents his brother coming home so soon. As the Joad family is forced to leave their home land and travel to California, Al takes on a great responsibility. His job is to drive the family and take complete care of the truck that they are driving. Al takes his job very seriously and gets upset when anything happens to the car. Emotionally, I would say Al has become very strong throughout the novel. He starts out pretty depend on the "glory" of his brother, but he takes his responsibilities seriously. I see Al as being a crucial character later in the novel. He is the kind of person that needs motivation from the start, but once he gets going, he won't stop. Setting Description Oklahoma could best be described as one large dustbowl. All rain has ceased to fall. The dry wind wisps through the air and gathers dirt. If you listen closely enough, it sounds as though there are people moaning whenever wind is present. The heat is so humid that any source of water is dried up, and the plants wither away. All of the corn crops are gone as well as all other crops. The dirt is like sand; it has no moisture or fertilization.

Saturday, January 11, 2020

ABC Analysis for Inventory Management Essay

In supply chain, ABC analysis is an inventory categorization method which consists in dividing items into three categories, A, B and C: A being the most valuable items, C being the least valuable ones. This method aims to draw managers’ attention on the critical few (Aitems) and not on the trivial many (C-items). Prioritization of the management attention Inventory optimization is critical in order to keep costs under control within the supply chain. Yet, in order to get the most from management efforts, it is efficient to focus on items that cost most to the business. The Pareto principle states that 80% of the overall consumption value is based on only 20% of total items. In other words, demand is not evenly distributed between items: top sellers vastly outperform the rest. The ABC approach states that, when reviewing inventory, a company should rate items from A to C, basing its ratings on the following rules: A-items are goods which annual consumption value is the highest. The top 70-80% of the annual consumption value of the company typically accounts for only 10-20% of total inventory items. C-items are, on the contrary, items with the lowest consumption value. The lower 5% of the annual consumption value typically accounts for 50% of total inventory items. B-items are the interclass items, with a medium consumption value. Those 15-25% of annual consumption value typically accounts for 30% of total inventory items. The annual consumption value is calculated with the formula: (Annual demand) x (item cost per unit). Through this categorization, the supply manager can identify inventory hot spots, and separate them from the rest of the items, especially those that are numerous but not that profitable. The following steps will explain to you the classification of items into A, B and C categories. 1. Find out the unit cost and and the usage of each material over a given period. 2. Multiply the unit cost by the estimated annual usage to obtain the net value. 3. List out all the items and arrange them in the descending value. (Annual Value) 4. Accumulate value and add up number of items and calculate percentage on total inventory in value and in number. 5. Draw a curve of percentage items and percentage value. 6. Mark off from the curve the rational limits of A, B and C categories. eCommerce example The graph above illustrates the yearly sales distribution of a US eCommerce in 2011 for all products that have been sold at least one. Products are ranked starting with the highest sales volumes. Out of 17000 references: Top 2500 products (Top 15%) represent 70% of the sales. Next 4000 products (Next 25%) represent 20% of the sales. Bottom 10500 products (Bottom 60%) represents 10% of the sales. Inventory management policies Policies based on ABC analysis leverage the sales imbalance outlined by the Pareto principle. This implies that each item should receive a weighed treatment corresponding to its class: ï‚ · A-items should have tight inventory control, more secured storage areas and better sales forecasts. Reorders should should be frequent, with weekly or even daily reorder. Avoiding stock-outs on A-items is a priority. Reordering C-items is made less frequently. A typically inventory policy for C-items consist of having only 1 unit on hand, and of reordering only when an actual purchase is made. This approach leads to stock-out situation after each purchase which can be an acceptable situation, as the C-items present both low demand and higher risk of excessive inventory costs. For C-items, the question is not so much how many units do we store? but rather do we even keep this item in store? B-items benefit from an intermediate status between A and C. An important aspect of class B is the monitoring of potential evolution toward class A or, in the contrary, toward the class C. Splitting items in A, B and C classes is relatively arbitrary. This grouping only represents a rather straightforward interpretation of the Pareto principle. In practice, sales volume is not the only metric that weighs the importance of an item. Margin but also the impact of a stock-out on the business of the client should also influence the inventory strategy. Procurement and Warehouse Applications The results of an ABC Analysis extend into a number of other inventory control and management processes: 1. Review of stocking levels – As with investments, past results are no guarantee of future performance. However, â€Å"A† items will generally have greater impact on projected investment and purchasing spend, and therefore should be managed more aggressively in terms of minimum and maximum inventory levels.Obsolescence review – By definition, inactive items will fall to the bottom of the prioritized list. Therefore, the bottom of the â€Å"C† category is the best place to start when performing a periodic obsolescence review. 2. Cycle counting – The higher the usage, the more activity an item is likely to have, hence the greater likelihood that transaction issues will result in inventory errors. Therefore, to ensure accurate record balances, higher priority items are cycle counted more frequently. Generally â€Å"A† items are counted once every quarter; â€Å"B† items once every 6 months; and â€Å"C† items once every 12 months. 3. Identifying items for potential consignment or vendor stocking – Since â€Å"A† items tend to have a greater impact on investment, these would be the best candidates to investigate the potential for alternative stocking arrangements that would reduce investment liability and associated carrying costs. 4. Turnover ratios and associated inventory goals – By definition, â€Å"A† items will have greater usage than â€Å"B† or â€Å"C† items, and as a result should have greater turnover ratios. When establishing investment and turnover metrics, inventory data can be segregated by ABC classification, with different targets for each category. Definition of ‘Inventory Turnover’ A ratio showing how many times a company’s inventory is sold and replaced over a period. the Periodic Review To make the most effective use of ABC classifications, the analysis should be completed at least on an annual basis, and more often as necessary. Other Inventory Classification Techniques HML Classifications The High, medium and Low (HML) classification follows the same procedure as is adopted in ABC classification. Only difference is that in HML, the classification unit value is the criterion and not the annual consumption value. The items of inventory should be listed in the descending order of unit value and it is up to the management to fix limits for three categories. For examples, the management may decide that all units with unit value of Rs. 2000 and above will be H items, Rs. 1000 to 2000 M items and less than Rs. 1000 L items. The HML analysis is useful for keeping control over consumption at departmental levels, for deciding the frequency of physical verification, and for controlling purchases. VED Classification While in ABC, classification inventories are classified on the basis of their consumption value and in HML analysis the unit value is the basis, criticality of inventories is the basis for vital, essential and desirable categorization. The VED analysis is done to determine the criticality of an item and its effect on production and other services. It is specially used for classification of spare parts. If a part is vital it is given V classification, if it is essential, then it is given E classification and if it is not so essential, the part is given D classification. For V items, a large stock of inventory is generally maintained, while for D items, minimum stock is enough. SDE Classification The SDE analysis is based upon the availability of items and is very useful in the context of scarcity of supply. In this analysis, S refers to scarce items, generally imported, and those which are in short supply. D refers to difficult items which are available indigenously but are difficult items to procure. Items which have to come from distant places or for which reliable suppliers are difficult to come by fall into D category. E refers to items which are easy to acquire and which are available in the local markets. The SDE classification, based on problems faced in procurement, is vital to the lead time analysis and in deciding on purchasing strategies. FSN Analysis FSN stands for fast moving, slow moving and non-moving. Here, classification is based on the pattern of issues from stores and is useful in controlling obsolescence. To carry out an FSN analysis, the date of receipt or the last date of issue, whichever is later, is taken to determine the number of months, which have lapsed since the last transaction. The items are usually grouped in periods of 12 months. FSN analysis is helpful in identifying active items which need to be reviewed regularly and surplus items which have to be examined further. Non-moving items may be examined further and their disposal can be considered.

Friday, January 3, 2020

Heroism A True Hero - 1283 Words

George S Patton, a senior officer of the U.S. Army, once said, â€Å"The real hero is the man who fights even though he is scared.† The online dictionary from Merriam-Webster defines a hero as, â€Å"One who shows great courage.† People notice that a hero shows courage and perseverance in overwhelming positions. People can even be inspired to show the same in the problems they are going through. Maybe inside the hero they are nervous, or even scared, but outside they show that they will power through whatever obstacles come their way and never give up. Because heroes persevere and show courage in risky situations, they inspire other people to do the same. The idea of heroism can be defined by what it is and what it is not. First off, heroes are†¦show more content†¦Born on July 12, 1997, in Mingora, Pakistan, Malala Yousafzai was a voice for other girls and their education. The word got around about her fighting for women’s education, which made her a ta rget for the Taliban; a gunman found Malala and shot her in the head at point blank range, yet she still survived. She continues to devote her life to making her voice heard and inspiring other women that education is powerful; she was nominated and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014, and became the youngest person to receive it. Malala exemplifies a courageous hero because she continues to fight for educational rights for women all over the world, despite the risk to her own life. In 2012, after surviving injuries during an attack from a Taliban gunman, Malala stated, â€Å"I told myself, Malala, you have already faced death. This is your second life. Don’t be afraidãÆ' ¼if you are afraid, you can’t move forward.† (Yousafzai, 36). Clearly, Malala realized that she had been given another chance at life and even though she was afraid of being attacked again, she also knew that by doing nothing, the Taliban had won. Because she didn’t allow the Taliban, not her own fear, to keep her from fighting for educational rights, Malala’s courage is an example of what a true hero is. Instead of backing down from the challenges that she faces, she is determined to continue advocating for herShow MoreRelatedA Hero Essay : A True Heroism877 Words   |  4 PagesA True Hero â€Å"True heroism is†¦ not the urge to surpass others at whatever cost, but the urge to serve others at whatever cost.† - Arthur Ashe. Heroism is not anyone that wears a cape, but is a person that is willing to sacrifice themselves just so everyone can be happy and can be safe. They are always going to look up with a smile and will be brave. Heroes won’t let anything get in their way. 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